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Biology H- Mr. Willets
Homework-Biochemistry Review Questions
1) Many medicines and foods are suspensions. What directions on the bottle would tell you that it is a suspension?____________________________________________
2) Raw egg white and cooked egg white are both colloids. What phase is each in? Raw- ______________ Cooked-_____________ What is another example of a colloid? __________________________
3) Organic molecules always contain what element? _______________ In organic compounds, these atoms are joined to each other in _________________ or ___________________
4) What does "synthesis" mean in the phrase dehydration synthesis? ______________________ What does dehydration synthesis do? _________________________________________________ The dehydration part of the name means that when this occurs, _________________ is removed.
5) What does "lysis" mean? _________________________________ What does the process of hydrolysis do?______________________________ (The "hydro" part of the word means that _____________ is needed to do this)
6) Many large molecules are made by bonding many smaller units. If so, the large molecule is called a ______________________. The smaller units are called __________________
7) The four essential types of organic compounds found in organisms are _______________________ , _______________ , ________________________ and ___________________________
8) Organic molecules are made mostly of four types of atoms each of which must have a certain number of bonds. Carbon must have _______bonds, hydrogen _____bonds, oxygen ______bond and
nitrogen _____bond
9) Carbohydrates are always made of what three elements? ________________________________ How much hydrogen is there in carbohydrates compared to the oxygen? _________________________
10) Monosaccharides are most commonly burned for_____________ What is the most common monosaccharide? _________________What is the formula for this sugar? _____________________
11) What do the names of sugars end in?____________ Name one other monosaccharide besides glucose ______________________ Even though it has the same formula as glucose, the atoms are put together in a different way. These are called ________________ of each other.
12) What is the formula for a disaccharide? ________________________ To join two monosaccharides, what atoms are removed from one of them? ___________ What atom is removed from the other?________ After being removed, these atoms join to form ___________________ This process is called __________________________________
13) What disaccharide is known as table sugar? _____________________ The disaccharide in milk is called _____________________ People who cannot break this into two monosaccharides are ________________________________
14) Polysaccharides are called _____________________ carbohydrates. The polysaccharide animals use to store glucose is called _____________________. Plants use the polysaccharide called ___________ to store glucose. Plants use another kind of polysaccharide called _________________ for strength. This name would make you think it is a _____________ (although it is not) When there is a lot of cellulose in food, we say it is high in ________________
15) Glucose that you will need in a few hours is stored as ____________________ Food that you will not need for a long time is stored as _______________ Which form stores more energy per pound?____________ In which form is it easier to get the energy?______________ It is hard to use fats because they don't _______________________________
16) Lipids and carbohydrates are both made of what three elements? ________________________ You can tell if it is a lipid and not a carbohydrate because of the amount of ___________________ in the formula. Lipids cannot _____________________ in water.
17) Fats and oils are a type of lipid called triglycerides. These are made of one molecule of __________________ and three molecules called ______________________________
18) Plants usually make what kind of triglycerides? _________ What kind of triglycerides do animals usually make. ___________
19) What do we call a fat or oil molecule that has all the hydrogen that it can possibly hold? _______________________ What do we call a fat or oil molecule that does not have all the hydrogen that it can possibly hold?______________________ There are fewer hydrogen atoms in these molecules because of __________________ bonds between some of the carbon atoms.
20) Waxes are lipids used mostly to _______________________ parts of plants or animals.
21) Chloesterol is considered to be a lipid because it does not ____________________________
22) On one end of an amino acid is a group of atoms : NH2
this is called the _____________________ group
The other end of the amino acid is called the ______________ group.
What atoms does this group have? _____________________
23) What element is present in amino acids but not in carbohydrates or lipids?____________________
24) A chain of amino acids is called a ______________________________ Two or three polypeptide chains can join to form a ________________________ The process that joins amino acids is ____________________________________________ The process that breaks amino acids apart is
______________________________
25) Two amino acids joined together form a __________________ Give an example of commonly used
dipeptide. _____________________ How many different amino acids are there? ___________
26) Cell parts are made of ___________________________ proteins. What type of proteins control chemical reaction in organisms?_________________________
27)What is the name of the theory about how enzymes work? _______________________________ Enzymes cause reactions because they have the right __________________ to attach to specific molecules.
The part of the enzyme with the correct shape is called the _________________________
28) The names of enzymes end in __________ People who are lactose intolerant do not have the enzyme called ____________________
29) Nucleic acids are of two types- _____________ and _______________ Both are used to carry ___________________ information that organisms use and pass on to their offspring.