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Biology H - Mr. Willets
Pg 52 (very top)
1) Organic compounds contain _______________ atoms that are bonded to other _____________atoms as well as atoms like ______________ , ________________ and _________________
Pg 53 (bottom)-54
2) Smaller simpler molecules from which large ones are made are called _____________________
3) When monomers bond, they can form large molecules known as __________________
4) Large polymers are known as _____________________
5) Not in book- think of some substances whose name begins with "poly" These are polymers. The second part of the name is the monomer units that have been bonded to form the polymer.
Give an example ______________________________________________
6) The reaction that links monomers to form polymers is called _________________________
(the preferred name is dehydration synthesis)
7) The breakdown of polymers into smaller molecules occurs through a process called ____________________ (this is what happens during digestion)
8) Look up the word "synthesis" Look up the word "lysis" How do they relate to each other?
_________________________________________________________
Pg 55
9) Carbohydrates are ______________compounds made of ____________ , _____________ and ______________. How many hydrogen atoms are there compared to oxygen atoms in carbohydrates?
__________________________
10) A simple sugar is called a _______________________ What is the ratio of carbon hydrogen and oxygen in a simple sugar? ______________________
11) What is the formula for a 6 carbon monosaccharide? _____________________
12) Name three common monosaccharides? ____________________________________________
They all have the same formula (which is ____________________) but they are put together somewhat differently. Compounds with the same formula but different structures are called __________________
Pg. 56
13) When two monosaccharides combine, they form a ___________________ or _____________sugar.
14) Give an example of a disaccharide- _______________________
15) When three or more monosaccharides bond, a ________________________ is formed.
16) What polysaccharide is used by animals to store glucose? ____________________ In what parts of your body is this compound stored? ___________________________
17) In plants, glucose molecules are linked to form __________________
18) Another polysaccharide called _________________________ is made by plants and gives strength and rigidity to plant cells. What plant material is about 50% cellulose? ________________
19) Proteins are organic compounds made mostly of what four elements? ________________________
________________________________________
20) What monomer units are the building blocks of proteins? ___________________ How many different ones of these are there? __________
21) An amino acid has a central ______________ atom. Four things are bonded to it. On one side is a single _______________atom. On another side is a carboxyl group also called the acid group) made of what atoms? _________________ A third side has the amino group made of what atoms? __________ The fourth side could have one of twenty different things depending on which amino acid it is.
Pg 57
22) Two amino acids bond to form a ______________________ A long chain of amino acids bonded together form a ________________________ Proteins are made of one or more polypeptides.
pg 58
23) Lipids are large organic molecules that do not ____________________________
24) Lipids store _________________ efficiently
24b) Fatty acids molecules have two ends, one that is ____________________ to water. This is called being __________________________ The other end does not react with water. This is called being _____________________________.
25) A type of lipid called a triglyceride is made of three ______________________________ joined to one ______________________________
26) Triglycerides can be ____________________ or UN_______________________.
Animal fats are which kind? ______________________ These tend to be _____________ at room temperature. Unsaturated triglycerides tend to be ______________ at room temperature and are found mostly in ___________________ and _____________. Unsaturated triglycerides are commonly called
______ (not in book-think about it)
27) What is different about a phospholipid compared to a triglyceride? ___________________________
What part of a cell is made of phospholipids? _____________ This helps keep the inside and the outside of the cell separate because this compound does not _________________ in water.
pg 59
28) A wax consists of a long ___________________________ joined to a long ___________________
Waxes are highly _________________________ and form protective ______________________
29) Steroids are lipids that are not made using _______________ acids. They are considered lipids mostly because they do not dissolve in water. What steroid is common in humans? _________________________
This steroid is needed for ____________cells and other cells to function.
30) What are the two types of nucleic acid? ________ and ________ Nucleic acids store _________________________