|
|
|
|
Proteins
1) Proteins that cells are made of are called _________________proteins. Proteins that control reactions in cells are called ___________________________
2) Proteins are large molecules made by attaching large numbers of _______________________. The order of these is called the ___________________structure of the protein.
3) There are about 20 different __________________ that proteins are made of.
4) All proteins are made of the same 20 amino acids . What is different about each protein?
___________________________________________
5) What organisms can make all 20 amino acids? ___________________ Humans must have at least how many of these in their food?________ What are these amino acids called? _______________________
What can you do to get any of the other 10 if they are not in your food? __________________________
_______________________ What is a high quality protein? ______________________________
6) What chemical controls the making of proteins? _______________ In what part of the cell is this chemical found? _______________What structures are made mostly of this chemical?______________
DNA Structure-
1) The shape of the DNA molecule is called a ____________________________
2) The sides of the DNA molecule are made of alternating molecules of ___________________ and
_________________________
3) The rungs of the DNA ladder are made of pairs of ____________________________. The possible pairs are: ___________________and _________________ OR ____________________ and
________________________
4) A nucleotide is made of what three molecules? __________________________________________
5) DNA can make copies of itself. This process is called _________________________ This is needed if cells and organisms are going to _________________________
Genetic Code-
1) The genetic code is what tells the cell how to make _____________________
2) The genetic code is determined by groups of ________________nitrogen bases along one side of the DNA
3) These groups of three bases are called DNA ________________ How many possible groups of three are there? ____________
4) Each group of three (codon) is the code for an ___________________. Some of these codons are used as signals to _________________ or ________________ the protein synthesis process.
RNA
1) What are the three differences between RNA and DNA? ___________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
Protein Synthesis-
1) A section of DNA is used to make a piece of _________________________. This process is called
_____________________________ The m-RNA is a _________________________copy of the genetic code.
2) The m-RNA leaves the nucleus and attaches to a _________________________ where the protein will be made
3) At the ribosome, another type of RNA called _____________________ brings in amino acids and attaches to the m-RNA.
4) The t-RNA has a group of three bases at one end called an ___________________. This matches with the _______________ on m-RNA. At the other end of t-RNA is where the _______________attaches.
5) The process where the t-RNA molecules come in and bring the amino acids into place is called
_____________________________. This process ends when a _________________ codon is reached.
|
|
|
|