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Biology CP-Mr.Willets
1) At one time people thought that non-living matter could change into living organisms. What did they call this process? _________________________________
2) In the 1600's, people thought flies arose from __________________________ Who disproved this?
________________________ His experiment used jars with meat that were ____________________ and other jars that were _____________________. In which jar did the maggots appear? ___________
Why not in the other jars? _______________________________________ What did this prove?
_______________________________________________
3) When Spallanzani boiled his broth and then sealed the flasks, he assumed that the boiling had ____________________any microorganisms already in there. If the broth could turn into these microorganisms (spontaneous generation), they should appear. Did they? _____________
Some people still believed these microorganisms arose from the material in the jar but required __________________ to do so.
4) Pasteur did experiments similar to Spallanzani's except he never sealed the flask so fresh air could get in. Why did the microorganisms in the air not get into the broth? ________________________________
5) The theory that living organisms can only come from living organisms is called ___________________
___________________________
6) How old is the earth? _________________________ How old is life on earth? _______________
7) What four gases were probably in the early atmosphere of earth_____________________________
These contain the 4 elements needed to make most simple _____________________________________
What caused these molecules to split apart and rearrange? ____________________________________
8) The first cells were probably _____________________________ (method of getting food) and ________________________________ (method of burning food) These cells were very simple. we call them __________________________________. Eventually ,they became more complicated cells called ________________________________. This happened when smaller cells started ________________________________ larger ones. When _________________________ evolved, the early atmosphere changed drastically.
9) Evolution is the theory that ___________________________________
10) Most fossils are found most often in what kind of rock? ________________________________
11) What other materials can fossils form in besides rock? ___________________________________
12) Besides fossils, what other evidence is there that evolution occurred and organisms are related?
___________________________________________________________________
13) Lamarck's theory of evolution is known as the "inheritance of _____________________________"
His theory was wrong because it assumed that traits picked up during one's life could be _______________
_________________. An example was if grass became scarce, animals would stretch their __________ to get food. Their offspring would then automatically have______________________ This cannot happen because traits picked up during one's life do not change the _____________ in the ___________cells.
14) What was the name of the ship that Darwin travelled on? _____________________
15) Darwin's theory goes by two names _________________________________ and
_____________________________________
16) Darwin's theory had several main points A) Individuals of a species are _______________________
B) Organisms produce more offspring than can __________________________ C) The ones that survive are the ones best _____________________________________
17) Any inherited trait that helps an organism to survive in its environment is called an ________________________
18) What are the 4 eras in the history of life on earth? ______________________________________
19) __________________________ evolution is when two related organisms evolve to look different. This happens when their ancestors _____________________________________
20) ______________________ evolution is when two unrelated organisms evolve to look the same. This happens when their ancestors __________________________________________________
21) ____________________________ is when the evolution of one organism causes another organism to evolve also. An example of this might be a __________________ and its ______________
22) The breeding and cross-pollinating that farmers have been doing for years is an example of ________________________ selection.
23) Factors that affect evolution either change the ______________ of an organism or change the
_______________________ in which it lives.
24) The peppered moth changed colors because _________________________________________
25) What are the three types of natural selection- ________________________________________
26) In some cases of evolution small changes build up over a long period of time. This is called
___________________________ In other cases, nothing changes for a long time and then a lot of changes occur all at once. This is called ____________________________________
27) Humans and our immediate ancestors are called _________________________
28) All primates have __________________vision. A type of primate called ____________________
have an __________________ thumb. Hominids are bipeds- what does that mean? ________________
_______________________
29) What is the scientific name for modern humans? ___________________________
30) What are the 7 groups (in order) in the taxonomic system we use today
_____________________________________________________________
Which two group names do we use to name the organism? __________________________________
31) To be members of the same species, two organisms must be able to _____________________ with each other and produce ________________________
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