Biology H- Mr. Willets
Viruses
Pg 487- Table
1)In what ways are viruses unlike cells?
2)In what ways are they similar to cells?
Pg. 488-89 Viral Structure
3)What are the two essential features of all viruses?_______________________________________
4)What is the function of the glycoprotein projections? _____________________________________
What two types of molecules are these made of? __________________ and _________________
(figure this one out)
Pg 489-Grouping viruses
5)One way viruses are grouped is based on whether they have __________ or ___________
6)When the DNA of a virus enters a host cell it can directly produce _____________ which then makes new viral ______________. Or the DNA of the virus can _______________________________ to direct the synthesis of new viruses.
7) RNA viruses use the viral RNA and the host cell's __________________ to make new viral proteins
8) Some RNA viruses known as _________________________ contain an enzyme called
_______________________________. In this case, the viral RNA is used to make DNA. This DNA then directs the production of viral proteins. Using RNA to make DNA is the opposite of what normally happens in cells. When DNA makes RNA , the process is called ___________________________ When the reverse happens, the process is called __________________________________(make a guess) and is controlled by the enzyme _____________________________. The viruses that do this are called retroviruses. What does the prefix retro mean? (look it up) ___________________________
Pg 490
8a) _________________ are the smallest known particle able to ___________________
_________________ are abnormal forms of proteins that clump inside of cells. These cause what diseases? ___________________________________________________________
Pg 491(top of page)
9) Because viruses depend on the host cell to reproduce, they are called _________________________
__________________. What from the host cell do they use to reproduce? _____________________
10) Viruses that infect bacteria are called ____________________________
Pg 492 diagram
11) The lytic cycle has 5 steps- ______________________ , _______________________ ,
_________________________ , ______________________ , _____________________
Pg 492-493
12) The place on the host cell where the virus attaches is called the __________________________
What if the cell does not have a site that the virus can attach to? ____________________________
13) For each step in the lytic cycle, give a BRIEF description of what happens- use as few words as possible to just get the basic idea.
Attachment- _________________________________________________
Entry _____________________________________________________
Replication - ________________________________________________
Assembly - _________________________________________________
Release - ___________________________________________________
What is lysis- ________________________________________
Pg 498-
14) What does the drug AZT do?______________________________________________
15) What do protease inhibitors do? __________________________________________